Study on the difference of curative effect of conventional mercury displacement treatment on mercury in brain and kidney / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the expulsion effect of sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) on mercury in different organs of mercury poisoning and the therapeutic effect of glutathione (GSH) combined with antioxidant therapy on mercury poisoning. Methods: In February 2019, 50 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats in each group: A (saline negative control group) , B (HgCL2 positive control group) , treatment group (C: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg treatment, D: intramuscular injection of DMPS30 mg/kg treatment, E: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg and intraperitoneal injection of GSH200 mg/kg treatment) . Rats in group B, C, D and E were subcutaneously injected with mercury chloride solution (1 mg/kg) to establish a rat model of subacute mercury poisoning kidney injury. Rats in group A were subcutaneously injected with normal saline. After the establishment of the model, rats in the treatment group were injected with DMPS and GSH. Rats in group A and group B were injected with normal saline. At 21 d (treatment 7 d) and 28 d (treatment 14 d) after exposure, urine and blood samples of 5 rats in each group were collected. Blood biochemistry, urine mercury, urine microalbumin and mercury content in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were detected. Results: After exposure to mercury, the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebrum and cerebellum of rats in group B, C, D and E increased, and urine microalbumin increased. Pathology showed renal tubular injury and renal interstitial inflammation. Compared with group B, urinary mercury and renal cortex mercury in group C, D and E decreased rapidly after DMPS treatment, and there was no significant decrease in mercury levels in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats, accompanied by transient increase in urinary albumin after DMPS treatment (P<0.05) ; the renal interstitial inflammation in group E was improved after GSH treatment. There was a positive correlation between urinary mercury and the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum (r=0.61, 0.47, 0.48, P<0.05) . Conclusion: DMPS mercury expulsion treatment can significantly reduce the level of metal mercury in the kidney, and there is no significant change in the level of metal mercury in the cortex and cerebellum.

Clinical efficacy and safety of chelation treatment with typical penicillamine in cross combination with DMPS repeatedly for Wilson's disease / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of chelation treatment with penicillamine (PCA) in cross combination with sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS) repeatedly in patients with Wilson's disease (WD). Thirty-five patients with WD were enrolled. They were administrated intravenous DMPS in cross combination with oral PCA alternately which was practiced repeatedly, all with Zinc in the meantime. During the treatment, clinical observations and 24-h urine copper excretion as well as adverse effects of medicines were recorded and analyzed. Although the incidence of adverse effects was not significantly different after either intravenous DMPS or oral PCA treatment, levels of 24-h urine copper tended to be higher after short-term intravenous DMPS than that of oral PCA. Adverse effects in the course of intravenous DMPS were mainly neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, allergic reaction and bleeding tendency. As compared with oral PCA alone or intravenous DMPS alone, such repeated cross combination treatment could as much as possible avoid continued drug adverse effects or poor curative effect and had less chance to stop treatment in WD patients. Improved or recovered liver function in 71% of the patients, alleviated neurologic symptoms in 50% of the patients, and disappeared hematuria in 70% of the patients could be observed during the follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years after such combined chelation regimen. Chelation treatment repeatedly with oral penicillamine in cross combination with intravenous DMPS alternately could be more beneficial for WD patients to relieve symptoms, avoid continued drug adverse effects and maintain lifelong therapy.

Effectiveness of Premedication with Pronase for Visualization of the Mucosa during Endoscopy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric mucus should be removed before endoscopic examination to increase visibility. In this study, the effectiveness of premedication with pronase for improving visibility during endoscopy was investigated. METHODS: From April 2010 to February 2011, 400 outpatients were randomly assigned to receive endoscopy with one of four premedications as follows: dimethylpolysiloxane (DMPS), pronase and sodium bicarbonate with 10 minutes premedication time (group A, n=100), DMPS and sodium bicarbonate with 10 minutes premedication time (group B, n=100), DMPS, pronase and sodium bicarbonate with 20 minutes premedication time (group C, n=100), and DMPS and sodium bicarbonate with 20 minute premedication time (group D, n=100). One endoscopist, who was unaware of the premedication types, calculated the visibility scores (range, 1 to 3) of the antrum, lower gastric body, upper gastric body and fundus. The sum of the scores from the four locations was defined as the total visibility score. RESULTS: Group C showed significantly lower scores than other groups (p=0.002). Group C also had the lowest frequency of flushing, which was significantly lower than that of group D. Groups C and D had significantly shorter durations of examination than groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Using pronase 20 minutes before endoscopy significantly improved endoscopic visualization and decreased the frequency of water flushing.

Prognosis and treatment of fulminant Wilson's disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effective treatment and prognostic factors for fulminant Wilson's disease (FWD).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, therapeutic Methods and outcomes of 13 FWD patients. We investigated the treatment effect of the joint use of hormones, decoppering, and plasma exchange therapy in patients with FWD, compared the difference in the clinical features, biochemical data and treatment between the survival group and the death group.@*RESULTS@#Thirteen patients with FWD presented with acute hepatic failure and severe jaundice: 7 accompanied with severe hemolytic anemia, 5 with primary peritonitis, 8 with hepatic encephalopathy. Prothrombin activity (PTA) of 5 was below 30% in the 13 patients. Plasma exchange (PE), dimercaptopropansulfonate sodium (DMPS) and short-term methylprednisolone /dexamethasone administration were performed in 7 patients, in which 6 survived and the other 1 who had primary peritonitis with PTA below 30% died. The other 6 patients without above-mentioned treatments all died, in which 4 accompanied with primary peritonitis with PTA all below 30%.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of hepatic failure and the occurrence of infection are the decisive factors for prognosis of patients with FWD. PE with decoppering treatment and corticosteroid administration are effective.

Intervention effect of dimercaptopropansulfonate sodium on central toxic induced by bromoxynil in vivo / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>to investigate the changes of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) in the cerebral cortex following acute bromoxynil intoxication in mice and the protective effect of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 ICR mice were randomly divided into blank control group (10), exposure group (10) and Na-DMPS protection group (10). The levels of GABA and Glu in the cerebral cortex were measured by RP-HPLC. The glutamine (Gln) level and the glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate decarboxylation enzyme (GAD), γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) activity in the cerebral cortex were determined by UV colorimetric.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>compared with the control group [GABA: (3.41 ± 0.12) micromol/g, Glu (14.00 ± 0.16) micromol/g, Gln (1.25 ± 0.19) micromol/g, GAD (13.50 ± 0.25) micromol × g(-1) × h(-1), GABA-T (25.51 ± 0.21) micromol × g(-1) × h(-1), GS(142.19 ± 1.31) U/mg pro], the level of GABA [(3.14 ± 0.14) micromol/g] was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the level of Glu [(17.54 ± 0.40) micromol/g] and Gln [(3.35 ± 0.27) micromol/g] were increased (P < 0.05), the activity of GAD [(11.93 ± 0.15 micromol × g(-1) × h(-1)], GABA-T [(24.15 ± 0.22) micromol × g(-1) × h(-1)], GS [(140.75 ± 1.01) U/mg pro] was decreased (P < 0.05) in acute intoxication group; Compared with the acute intoxication group, the level of GABA [(3.52 ± 0.30) micromol/g] was increased (P < 0.05), whereas the level of Glu [(14.20 ± 0.32) micromol/g] and Gln [(1.32 ± 0.17) micromol/g] were decreased (P < 0.05), the activity of GAD [(13.01 ± 0.45 micromol × g(-1) × h(-1)], GABA-T [(25.19 ± 0.26) micromol × g(-1) × h(-1), GS [(142.35 ± 1.20) U/mg pro] was increased (P < 0.05); In contrast, the levels of GABA, Glu, Gln and the activity of GAD, GABA-T, and GS in Na-DMPS protection group were not significantly different in comparison with control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>the central toxic effects of mice with acute bromoxynil intoxication may be related to the changes of GABA and Glu content in the cerebral cortex;Na-DMPS can protect mice from bromoxynil-induced central toxic effects and GABA and Glu abnormal change in the cerebral cortex.</p>

Expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 gene in lung of paraquat poisoning rats and protection of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 Gene in lung of paraquat poisoning rats and the protection of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred SD male rats were randomly equally divided into 4 groups:normal control group (10 rats), drug control group (40 rats), paraquat poisoning group (40 rats) and drug intervention group(40 rats). The paraquat poisoning and drug intervention group rats were injected intraperitoneally by paraquat (20 mg/kg). The rats in drug intervention group rats were protected by intraperitoneal injection with Na-DMPS (200 mg/kg) 15 min before exposure of paraquat. Behavioral changes of the rats and histological changes of lung tissues under light microscope were observed. And the expression of ACE and ACE2 mRNA in lung tissues of rats both in paraquat poisoned group and drug intervention group were measured by RT-PCR at different time of 6 h, 24 h, 3 and 7 d after poisoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The poisoning symptoms of shortness of breath, cramps appeared and deteriorated progressively in rats after paraquat exposure and the protection of NA-DMPS could delay and reduce these symptoms significantly. Histological appearance of disorganization of pulmonary capillary and alveolus, exudation in alveolar space, pulmonary edema, severe bleeding, and inflammatory cells infiltration were obvious in lungs of rats after paraquat poisoning, whereas the histological changes were extenuated by protection of NA-DMPS. As compared with normal control group (NC group), the expressions of ACE, ACE2 mRNA in lung tissue decreased, and the lowest level of ACE mRNA expressions appeared at 24 h (0.457 +/- 0.262), on 3 d (0.385 +/- 0.179) after Paraquat exposure (P < 0.05), while lowest level of ACE2 mRNA expressions appeared on 3 d (0.415 +/- 0.247), 7 d (0.365 +/- 0.215) (P < 0.05). As compared with paraquat poisoned group, the expressions of ACE mRNA in lung tissue of rats in NA-DMPS protected group increased significantly at 24 h (0.739 +/- 0.558) and 3 d (0.749 +/- 0.414) (P < 0.05), while the expressions of ACE2 mRNA increased markedly on 3 d (0.584 +/- 0.345) and 7 d (0.493 +/- 0.292) (P < 0.05). But the expression of ACEmRNA and ACE2 mRNA in lungs had no statistical significance between normal control group and drug intervention group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expressions of ACE and ACE2 mRNA in lung tissue of the rats with paraquat poisoning are decreased. Na-DMPS can effectively improve the balance of RAS in local lung tissue and reduce the pathological changes of lung tissue, delay the poisoning symptoms and show protective effects for acute lung injury induced by paraquat.</p>

Expression of thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats and intervention of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression and effect of thrombomodulin (TM) mRNA and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) mRNA in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats, and intervention of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty male SD rats were randomizedly divided into four groups: the normal control group (n=8), the Na-DMPS control group (n=8, administered with 200 mg/kg Na-DMPS intraperitoneally), the PQ group (n=32, administered with 20 mg/kg 1% PQ intraperitoneally), the NA-DMPS protected group (n=32, administered with 200 mg/kg Na-DMPS intraperitoneally before with 20 mg/kg 1% PQ). The expression of TM mRNA and EPCR mRNA in the PQ group and the Na-DMPS protected group was evaluated at the six hour, on the first, third and seventh day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TM mRNA and EPCR mRNA in lung tissue of poisoned rats, was significantly increased and reached the peak at the six hour, was decreased slowly on the first day, and returned to normal level on the seventh day. In the Na-DMPS protected group, at the six hour and on the first day, the expression of TM mRNA (1.071 +/- 0.097, 1.055 +/- 0.051) was less than that in the PQ group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). EPCR mRNA (0.678 +/- 0.005), (0.650 +/- 0.007) at the six hour and on the first day in the Na-DMPS protected group was less than that in the PQ group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of TM mRNA and EPCR mRNA of rats after PQ intoxication is increased, and can significantly be decreased after administered with Na-DMPS.</p>

Oxidative stress of acute paraquat poisoned rats and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate intervention / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>to study the oxidative stress of rats with acute paraquat poisoning and the intervention of Sodium Dimercaptopropane Sulfonate (NA-DMPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty male SD rats were randomizedly divided into: the normal control group (n=8), NA-DMPS control group (n=8), the PQ group (n=32, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1% PQ solution at the dosage of 20 mg/kg) and the NA-DMPS protected group (n=32). The rats in the groups of normal and NA-DMPS control were sacrificed 1d after administration of NS or NA-DMPS. And the rats in the PQ group and the NA-DMPS protected group were sacrificed at 6h, 1, 3, 7d after poisoning. Samples of serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were gathered. The MDA and CAT in serum, BALF and lung homogenate, the glutathione (GSH) in serum and BALF were measured. And the expression of Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA in lung was tested with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the activities of MDA and CAT in serum, BALF and lung homogenate are higher in both groups of PQ and NA-DMPS protected. And compared with the PQ group, the activities of MDA in serum, BALF and lung homogenate of the NA-DMPS protected group decreased significantly at 6h, 1d after poisoning, whereas the activities of CAT are higher at 6h, 1, 3d in serum and 1, 3d in BALF and lung homogenate (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The serum GSH at 6h, 3d of the NA-DMPS protected group [(730.07 +/- 16.23), (793.66 +/- 7.40)] were higher than those in the PQ group. And the BALF GSH at 1, 3d of the NA-DMPS protected group [(609.75 +/- 6.74), (631.83 +/- 12.03)] were also markedly higher than the PQ group (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The expression of NRF2 mRNA of the lung at 1, 3, 7d in the PQ group [(0.71 +/- 0.061), (1.023 +/- 0.158), (0.969 +/- 0.046)] and the NA-DMPS protected group [(1.005 +/- 0.06), (1.464 +/- 0.166), (1.066 +/- 0.191)] were significantly higher than those in the control groups. Compared with the PQ group, the expression of NRF2 mRNA of the lung increased markedly in the NA-DMPS protected group at 1, 3d (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Na-DMPS decreases the activity of MDA and increases the activity of CAT, GSH and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA. NA-DMPS can protected rats from PQ intoxication by improving the balance of redox reaction.</p>

The antidotal effects of high-dosage gamma-aminobutyric acid on acute tetramine poisoning as compared with sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To investigate the therapeutic effect of high-dosage gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on acute tetramine (TET) poisoning, 50 Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups at random and the antidotal effects of GABA or sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS) on poisoned mice in different groups were observed in order to compare the therapeutic effects of high-dosage GABA with those of Na-DMPS. Slices of brain tissue of the poisoned mice were made to examine pathological changes of cells. The survival analysis was employed. Our results showed that both high-dosage GABA and Na-DMPS could obviously prolong the survival time, delay onset of convulsion and muscular twitch, and ameliorate the symptoms after acute tetramine poisoning in the mice. Better effects could be achieved with earlier use of high dosage GABA or Na-DMPS. There was no significant difference in prolonging the survival time between high-dose GABA and Na-DMPS used immediately after poisioning. It is concluded that high-dosage GABA can effectively antagonize acute toxicity of teramine in mice. And it is suggested that high-dosage GABA may be used as an excellent antidote for acute TET poisoning in clinical practice. The indications and correct dosage for clinical use awaits to be further studied.

Effect of Gandou Decoction IV combined with short-term decoppering therapy with sodium dimercapto-sulphonate on serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis in patients with Wilson' s disease / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Gandou Decoction IV (GDIV) on serum indexes of hepatic fibrosis and liver function in patients with Wilson's disease (WD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one WD patients were assigned to two groups, 30 patients in the sodium dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS) group and 31 patients in the GD IV group. Both groups received 8 courses of DMPS treatment with 6 days as one course, and the GD IV group was given GD IV additionally. Serum indexes of liver function were examined, serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by double antibody sandwish ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum hyaluronic (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen III (PC III) and collagen type IV (C-IV) were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, all indexes of hepatic fibrosis and liver function had no significant change in the DMPS group, while in the GD IV group, the serum TIMP-1 level markedly decreased (P <0.05), the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 significantly increased (P <0.01), and serum indexes of liver function markedly decreased (P < 0.05), but the changes in serum levels of HA, LN and PCIII, as well as in serum MMP-1 and C-IV were insignificant (P> 0.05), though they showed a trend of decreasing or increasing, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Short-term decopper-ing treatment with DMPS alone has no significant effect on hepatic function and serum fibrosis indexes in WD patients, while combined with GD IV, it can improve liver function and display an anti-fibrosis effect through inhibiting the serum TIMP-1 level and increasing the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1.</p>

Mercury concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic mercury poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of mercury (Hg) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with chronic mercury poisoning and elucidate the neurotoxic mechanism of mercury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients with chronic mercury poisoning (poisoning group) as well as eight patients without exposure to mercury were included in this study. Mercury concentrations of 24 hour urine (U-Hg) and CSF (CSF-Hg) were measured with cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry-alkali stannous chloride method. The concentration of blood (B-Hg) at the same day was measured with cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry-acidic stannous chloride method. In five patients of poisoning group, these concentrations before chelation therapy were compared with those after chelation therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of B-Hg, U-Hg, and CSF-Hg in poisoning group (250.00 +/- 48.54, 160.07 +/- 91.15, 20.22 +/- 10.21 nmol/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those in control group (81.04 +/- 63.01, 24.73 +/- 9.96 nmol/L, undetectable, respectively; P < 0.01). In nine patients of poisoning group, CSF-Hg concentrations were correlated with B-Hg (r = 0.675, P < 0.05), but not U-Hg. After chelation therapy with dimercaptopropane sulfonate in five patients of poisoning group, the levels of B-Hg, U-Hg, and CSF-Hg were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The reduction of CSF-Hg was not related with B-Hg and U-Hg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CSF-Hg concentration in chronic mercury poisoning patient is increased with the rise of B-Hg, but not U-Hg. When the levels of B-Hg and U-Hg drop to normal, the CSF-Hg level is still high enough to be detected. It indicates that mercury is combined with protein after entering brain and this complex is difficult to cross through blood-cerebral barrier. The complex may cause neuromuscular disorder and fremitus in chronic mercury poisoning.</p>

Evaluation of therapeutic project on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine poisoning and effect on intelligence in children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate four therapeutic measures on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) poisoning and the effects of it on intelligence of children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 86 patients of acute TETS poisoning were randomly divided into 4 groups (the control group, sodium valproate group, sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate group and the hemoperfusion group). The therapeutic effects were observed after the arranged treatment was administrated. According to age, residence, sex, education and domestic economy, 30 children were matched by 1:1 with children of TETS poisoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The termination time of seizure, doses of diazepam, mental symptoms and the continual time of mental symptoms were not significantly different among these three groups. After hemoperfusion, the seizure of patients was terminated or the frequency was obviously decreased, but the level of TETS in blood was not reduced. The average scores of full intelligence quotient (FIQ), the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and the performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) of children in poisoning group were 9.1, 8.8 and 7.7 less than the controls. The average scores of FIQ of children with bad state were 15 less than the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Therapeutic effects of sodium valproate and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate on acute TETS poisoning should be not better than using diazepam and sodium phenobarbital. Therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion on TETS poisoning is good. TETS poisoning should have a great influence on intelligence of children.</p>

Analysis of time-dependent recovery from beryllium toxicity following chelation therapy and antioxidant supplementation.

Efforts have been made to minimize the toxic effect caused by beryllium. Adult cyclic rats of Sprague Dawley strain were administered a bolus dose of 50mg/kg beryllium nitrate intramuscularly. The chelation therapy with glutathione (GSH), dimercapto propane sulfonic acid (DMPS)+ selenium (Se) and D-Penicillamine (DPA) + Se was given for 3 days followed by a rest of 1,3 and 7 days respectively. The results revealed a significant fall in the blood sugar level, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum proteins. A significant rise in the transaminases i.e. aspartate aminotranferase and alanine aminotranferase pattern is indicative of leakage of enzymes from liver resulting in alterations in the cell permeability. A rise in the hepatic lipid peroxidation activity is a direct indication of oxidative damage resulting in free radical generation. Results of the distribution studies by atomic absorption spectrophotometry reveal an increased concentration of beryllium in liver and kidney followed by lung and uterus. The relative ability of 3 chelating agents to act as antagonists for acute beryllium poisoning have been examined in liver, kidney, lungs and uterus. The appreciable change in the beryllium concentration in various organs is duration-dependent during the entire period being highly significant after 7 days rest. From the biochemical assays, and distribution studies it can be assumed that DPA+Se was the most effective therapeutic agent followed by DMPS+Se and GSH. Thus it can be concluded that DPA+Se is a better therapeutic agent as compared to DMPS+Se and GSH.

Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing clinical therapeutic effect on acute tetramine poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors affecting clinical therapeutic effect on acute tetramine poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using Logistic regression to analyze the relationships among the degree of tetramine poisoning, time of onset, time of admission, exposure history, sex, age, unithol, gastric lavage, etc with the death of poisonded patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fatality rate of patient with tetramine poisoning who got gastric lavage was less than that who did not (5.85% vs 38.00%, P < 0.01). In patients who got gastric lavage, the fatality rates were increased with the degree of tetramine poisoning (control: 0%, mild poisoning: 3.07%, severe poisoning: 9.14%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in fatality between using unithol and not using patients (7.22% vs 8.25%, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Unithol has no significant influence of clinical therapeutic effect on tetramine poisoning patients and dose not reduce the fatality rate of patient with tetramine poisoning, but gastric lavage and the degree of tetramine poisoning do. Logistic regression analysis showed that gastric lavage is the main factor affecting the therapeutic effect on tetramine poisoning.</p>

Clinical study on manifestation of hepatolenticular degeneration complicated with epilepsy and therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine treatment / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical manifestation of 155 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) complicated with epilepsy and the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine treatment on them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical manifestation of patients and its relationship with abnormalities in cranial CT and/or MRI were observed. Patients were treated by combined treatment of copper repellent with sodium dimercaptosulfonate 20 mg/kg per day by intravenous dripping, and modified Gandou Decoction (GDD) by oral intake and antiepileptics as well, after treatment for 8-10 courses, the clinical effect, copper levels in urine and serum were compared between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 155 HLD patients, 96 were complicated with petit mal and 59 with grand mal. In the CT and/or MRI conducted in 72 patients, all showed abnormal images, besides such frequently met images as bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia focal lesion in 65 case-episode (90.3%) and brain atrophy of various degrees in 61 case-episode (84.7%), the massive lesions in cerebral white matter as principal, with the cortex involved, were also found in 54 patients (74%), which were mostly bilateral and symmetric or located in 2 adjecent lobes of brain, the sites of damage, in sequence of occurrence, were frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and callosal gyrus. Brain atrophy was found in all the remained patients without above-mentioned lesions. Abnormal EEG was shown in 29 patients (40.2%), which mainly manifested as theta wave of moderate to high potential and/or short paroxysmal spike-slow or sharp-slow complex wave evoked. The urinary copper level in patients after treatment was 34.5 +/- 21.6 micromol/24 hrs, significantly higher than that before treatment, 4.49 +/- 1.93 micromol/24 hrs (P < 0.01). And the serum copper level in patients also lowered significantly (P< 0.01). Epileptic seizure was controlled completely along with the gradually improving of extrapyramidal symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Partial seizure was the most common type of seizure of HLD patient complicated with epilepsy, the next is systemic seizure. Cerebral damage lesion and obvious brain atrophy could be the main etiological factors of HLD complicated with epilepsy, combined copper repellent therapy of integrative Chinese and Western medicine, and antiepileptics produced good clinical effect on the patients.</p>

The activity of blood cholinesterase in rats exposed to dimethypo after drug intervention / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the activity of ChE in rats poisoned by dimehypo and then treated with pralidoxime methylchloride or unithiol.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were divided into control group (dimehypo); intervention groups [dimehypo plus pralidoxime methylchloride or dimehypo plus unithiol (sodium dimercaptopropanesulphonate)]. Rats were dosed with 4 different doses of dimehypo: 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 of LD50 respectively(the LD50 of dimehypo is 342 mg/kg). After being poisoned with dimehypo orally, rats were immediately injected intramuscularly with pralidoxime methylchloride or unithiol. The activity of ChE in blood was detected before and 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 24 h after poisoning in dimehypo and intervention groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The ChE activity of four dose subgroups at 1 h after poisoning were (1.04 +/- 0.21), (0.84 +/- 0.12), (0.71 +/- 0.12), (0.66 +/- 0.07) U/ml respectively; the ChE activity of pralidoxime methylchloride intervention groups were (1.01 +/- 0.18), (1.17 +/- 0.11), (1.01 +/- 0.04), (1.03 +/- 0.12) U/ml respectively; and the ChE activity of unithiol intervention groups were (1.15 +/- 0.15), (1.26 +/- 0.27), (1.08 +/- 0.08), (1.04 +/- 0.12) U/ml respectively. The inhibited ChE in blood was recovered by either treatment with pyraldoxime methylchloride or unithiol. These two drugs had similar effects of recovering the activity of ChE(P > 0.05), but at higher doses(1/4 and 1/2 of LD50) the effects of both were not so good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pralidoxime methylchloride and unithiol could partly recover the activity of ChE inhibited by dimehypo.</p>

Efficacy of unithiol and naturenze in the treatment of rabbits suffered toxicity of mixture of yperite and lewisit through some biochemical indicators

Treatment of rabbits, exposed to mix of yperite and lewisite with unithiol and naturenze showed that unithol reduced concentration of SGOT (serum glutamat-oxaloacetat-transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamat-pyruvat-transaminase), urea and creatinine in serum but concentration of these components was still high. Using unithiol in combination with naturenze for treatment, concentration of SGOT, SGPT, urea and creatinine was decreased lower than treatment of single unithiol.